to infinitive
Infinitves
The infiniives is made up of to + the
simple form of the verb.
§
Verbs followed by infinitive
Infinitives
can be used after certain , but not after others. The following is a list of
verbs frequently followed by ifinitives.
Pattern : Verb + to infinitive
Agree I cannot agree to do that
Arrange The
committee has arrenged to meet once a
week.
Care Would you care to join our orgaanization?
Consent She has consented to address the meeting.
Decide Have
you decided to answer the letter yet?
Deserve He doesn’t deserve to pass the course
Endeavor She has endeavored to do her best.
Hesitate Do not hesitate to call on me for help.
Hope I hope to hear from you soon.
Learn She
learned to control her temper.
Mean She meant to give me the book, but she
forgot.
Promise She has promised to repeat the course next year.
Prove Russell proved to be correct.
Refuse She
refused to answer the telephon.
Seem The class seemed to understand everything he said.
Swear The
swore never to do again.
Undertake The committe undertook to telephone all the members.
§
Verbs followed by subject and infinitive
Pattern : Verb + Pronoun/Noun/Noun Phrase + to infinitiveSome
verbs are followed by infinitive phrase containing a subject. These verbs are
transitive; they must have an object.
Advise He advised us to review for the
examination.
Allow The
professor did not allow us to smoke
during examination.
Cause The
flower will cause her to sneeze.
Compel You cannot
compel him to study.
Command The officer commanded the soldier to live at once.
Encourage The teacher encouraged the students to study.
Forbid I forbid you to talk like that.
Force Ther forced me to confess.
Get the
manager got him to resign.
Help I
cannot help you to pass the exam.
Instruct She instructed him to complete the work
before he left.
Invite The
chairperson invited the committee members
to vote.
Oblige Illness obliged him to leave school.
Order The
umpire ordered the player to leave
the game.
Permit I cannot permit you to do that.
Persuade She finally persuaded him to drive the car.
Remind Please remind me to pay this bill.
Request His friends
requested him to sing a song.
Teach Please teach me to dance.
Tell The
class told her to make all the
arrangements.
Tempt The
offer of a good job tempted him to leave
school.
Urge The
doctor urged Mr. Martinsky to rest.
Warn The
teacher warned the students to drive
carefully.
§
Verbs followed by (subject and) infinitive
Some verbs can be followed either by a
simple infinitive or an infinitive phrase.
Ask The
professor asked to attend the meeting.
The professor asked us to attend the meeting.
Beg They begged
to go.
They begged her to go.
Expect Jessica
Youngblood expected to go away for the weekend.
Jessica Youngblood expected her
mother to go away for the weekend.
Intend The man intends
to be a doctor.
The man intends his daughter to be a doctor.
Like I would like
to win the game.
I would like you to win the game.
Prefer The class
prefers to sing.
The class prefers you to sing.
Want I wanted to go
to the art exhibit.
I wanted Mrs. Martinsky to go to the art exhibit.
Wish I wish to
meet the new teacher.
I wish Russell to meet the new teacher.
Wishon / Burks, Lets Write English (New York: Litton
Educational Publishing International, 1980), h. 277-278.
§
The other certain transitive verb and certain complex
transitive verb
Come Fortunate
Expect
(Betty Schampfer Azar, 1999 : 326 -331)
Begin Propose
Can / could bear Recommend
Cease Regret
Continue ( Thomson and Martinet, 1986 : 234) Remember
Forget Require
Hate Start
Love Stop
Need Try
Used
to
Plan Threaten Refuse Forget Fail Tend Appear
Start Help Pretend Claim Prefer Dare Bother
(Raymond Muphy, 1994 : 106-116)
For
instance:
ü I didin’t expect to
be invited to his party.
ü Nadia is fortunate to
have been given a scholarship.
ü The rain seems to
have stopped.
(Betty Schampfer Azar, 1999 : 326 -331)
For
instance:
§
I began to work.
§
He continued to live above the shop.
§
She
never ceased to complain about
prices.
§
I can’t bear to wait.
§
I intend to sell it.
I
intend him to take over the
department.
§
He advised me to apply at once.
§
They
don’t allow us to park here.
§
The
grass needs to be cut.
§
I regret to say that you have failed your
exam.
§
I’ll remeber to ring Bill.
§
I
often forget to sign my cheques.
§
I stopped to ask the way.
§
They tried to put wire netting all round the
garden.
§
I used to swim all the year round.
( Thomson and Martinet, 1986 : 234)
For instance:
o I waved to Karen but failed
to attract her attention.
o We decided not to go out because of
the weather.
o I like George but I think he tends
to talk too much.
o Ann pretend not to see me as she passed
me in the street.
o I wouldn’t dare to tell him.
o He doesn’t want anybody to know.
o I got somebody to help me.
o It has started to rain.
o Don’t bother to lock the door.
o I need to take more exercise.
o I was very tired. I tried
to keep my eyes open but I couldn’t.
o Everybody helped to clean up after
the party.
o I love to meet people.
o I like to get up early.
o She can’t bear to be alone.
(Raymond Muphy, 1994 : 106-116)
Want plant beside try
Hope expect offer forget
Need promise refuse learn
For
instance:
Ø
I am going
to play tennis tomorrow .
Ø
What are you
going to do ?
Ø
I have to go
now .
Ø
Everybody
has to eat .
Ø
Do you want
to go out ?
Ø
They don’t
want to come with us .
Ø
I’d like to
talk to you .
Ø
Would you
like to go out ?
Ø
Dave used to
work in a factory .
Ø
What do you
want to do tonight?
Ø
Tina has
decided to sell her house .
Ø
You forgot
to turn off the light when you went out.
Ø
My brother
is learning to drive.
Ø
I tried to
read my book,but I was too tired .
Ø
I’d hate to
lose my address book.
Ø
I’d love to
go to Australia.
Murphy Raymond with William R.smalzer ,
2002 ,”Basic grammar in use”, Cambridge
university Press, USA.
Verbs
|
examples
|
notes
|
Hate
Have
Know how
Like
Love
Need
Plan
Want
|
I
hate to clean the house
We
have to clean the house today
I
know how to do laundry,but I don’t know how to iron.
I
like to read
I
love to listen to music
We
need to do the laundry
I
plan to study tonight
We
want to relax this weekend
|
The
infinitive is to +simple verbs some sentences follow this pattern:
subject+verb1+infinitive(to+v2).
the
First
verb can be in any tense.
The
second verb is always the simple form.
|
Werner Patricia K/John P Nelson and
Marilyin spaventa , 2002 , “interactions access grammar “,Mcgraw-Hill, North
America.
Infinitives
may used as objects of the following verbs.
List of verbs
|
examples
|
Agree decide mean seem
Appear forget offer serve
Be happen plan tend
Be about hope prepare wait
Be supposed learn proced
Come manage refuse
|
They
agreed to help
We
decided to leave early
He
forgot to call
She
refused to help
You
seem to be upset
We
waited to say good bye
|
Verbs
that may be followed by (Pro) nouns and infinitives
The
following list of verbs may use an infinitive object or a ( pro) noun object
and an infinitive.
Form
|
examples
|
List of verbs
|
Verb + infinitives
Verb + (pro)noun+infinitive
|
I asked to go
I asked her to go
|
Ask need**
Bag prefer
Choose promise
Dare want
Expect wish
Help* would like
Intend
|
Verbs
that must be followed by a (Pro)noun object before an infinitive
In
the active voice, the following verbs must have a (Pro) noun object before an
infinitive. In the passive voice , the infinitive may follow the verb directly.
Form
|
Examples
|
List of verbs
|
Verb+(Pro)
noun+infinitive
Passive
verb+infinitive
|
We
hired him to do the research.( active voice)
He
was hired to do the research .( passive voice )
|
Believe instruct
Cause motivate
Convince order
Enable permit
Encourage remind
Forbid show…how
Force teach
Get* tell
Hire use
|
For
instance:
·
She refused to help.
·
We waited to say “good-bye”.
·
We hired him to do the research.
·
We was
hired to do the research.
·
I asked to go.
·
I asked her to go.
(Wener/Nelson. 2002 : 288 – 290)
References
Azar, Betty Schampfer. 1999. Understanding and Using English Grammar. America: Pearson
Education.
Byrd, Patrician and Beverly Benson.
2001. Applied English Grammar. USA:
Heinle Cengange Learning.
Kirn, Elaine and Darcy Jack. 2002. Interaction 1 Grammar 4th Edition. New
York: Mc Graw Hill.
Murphy, Raymond. 1994. English
Grammar in Use. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Thomson, A.j. and A.V. Martinet. 1986. A Practical English Grammar. New York: Oxford.
Wishon, George E. and
Julia M. Burks. 1980. Let’s Write English.
New York: Litton Educational Publishing International.
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